Vitamin Co-Factor Directory: Biochemical & Clinical Profiles

Vitamins are diverse organic compounds that serve as mandatory co-factors, enzymatic prosthetic groups, and nuclear signaling ligands. These molecules govern the kinetic efficiency of cellular energetics, the precision of DNA transcription, and the maintenance of systemic redox thresholds. They are broadly categorized into two distinct physiological classes based on their absorption mechanics and metabolic kinetics:

• Hydrophilic (Water-Soluble) Vitamins (B-complex and C): These act as primary co-enzymes for mitochondrial flux and one-carbon metabolism. Due to their minimal storage capacity and rapid renal clearance, consistent dietary availability is required to maintain enzymatic saturation.
• Lipophilic (Fat-Soluble) Vitamins (A, D, E, K): These are absorbed via mixed micelles and transported through the lymphatic system. They are sequestered in the liver or adipose tissue, providing a biological buffer but increasing the risk of accumulation-related toxicity.

Select a vitamin below to access its comprehensive profile, formulated with peer-reviewed clinical data and strictly referencing the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).